https://dataswamp.org/~incal/data/LONG-EAR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                    patents
2019           applications [1]     population [2]
--------------------------------------------------
 1. China                59 045      1 433 783 686
 2. USA                  57 705        329 064 917
 3. Japan                52 683        126 860 301
 4. Germany              19 337         83 517 045
 5. South Korea          19 076         51 225 308
 6. France                7 936         65 129 728
 7. UK                    5 768         67 530 172
 8. Switzerland           4 620          8 591 365
 9. Sweden                4 196         10 036 379
10. Netherlands           4 044         17 097 130


                   applications
2019              by population  (above 10 only)
-------------------------------
 1. Switzerland        0.000538
 2. Sweden             0.000418
 3. Japan              0.000415
 4. South Korea        0.000372
 5. Netherlands        0.000237
 6. Germany            0.000232
 7. USA                0.000175
 8. France             0.000122
 9. UK                 0.000085
10. China              0.000041


                   innovation:
2003 [3]           overall  inputs  performance
-----------------------------------------------
 1. South Korea    2.26     1.75    2.55
 2. US             1.80     1.28    2.16
 3. Japan          1.79     1.16    2.25
 4. Sweden         1.64     1.25    1.88
 5. Netherlands    1.55     1.40    1.55
 6. Canada         1.42     1.39    1.32
 7. UK             1.42     1.33    1.37
 8. Germany        1.12     1.05    1.09
 9. France         1.12     1.17    0.96
10. Australia      1.02     0.89    1.05
11. Spain          0.93     0.83    0.95
12. Belgium        0.86     0.85    0.79
13. China          0.73     0.07    1.32
14. Italy          0.21     0.16    0.24
15. India          0.06     0.14   -0.02
16. Russia        -0.09    -0.02   -0.16
17. Mexico        -0.16     0.11   -0.42
18. Turkey        -0.21     0.15   -0.55
19. Indonesia     -0.57    -0.63   -0.46
20. Brazil        -0.59    -0.62   -0.51
-----------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/256845/ranking-of-the-10-countries-who-filed-the-most-international-patent-applications/
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Innovation_Index
    "the twenty largest countries (as measured by GDP)"