;;; isbn-verify.el --- verify ISBN-10 and ISBN-13 -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
;;
;; Author: Emanuel Berg <incal@dataswamp.org>
;; Created: 2020-05-20
;; Keywords: bib, tex
;; License: GPL3+
;; Package-Requires: ((cl-lib "1.0"))
;; URL: https://dataswamp.org/~incal/emacs-init/isbn-verify.el
;; Version: 2.3.7
;;
;;; Commentary:
;;
;; This Elisp package has functions to verify ISBNs by
;; computing their check digits. One can also submit ISBNs
;; that lack the check digits; it will then be computed.
;;
;; Also see:
;;
;;   https://dataswamp.org/~incal/books/isbn.txt
;;   https://dataswamp.org/~incal/emacs-init/bibtex/bibtex-autokey-insert.el
;;   https://dataswamp.org/~incal/emacs-init/issn-verify.el
;;
;; Install:
;;
;;   M-x load-file RET RET
;;
;; Usage:
;;
;;   Do `isbn-verify-at-point' on the below Biblatex entries.
;;   The first one has an ISBN-10, the second one an ISBN-13.
;;   Position point at the beginning of an ISBN, then do
;;   M-x viap RET
;;
;;   @book{russia-and-the-arms-trade,
;;     author    = {Ian Anthony},
;;     isbn      = {0-19-829278-3},
;;     publisher = {Oxford},
;;     title     = {Russia and the Arms Trade},
;;     year      = 1998
;;   }
;;
;;   @book{baa-lo-4,
;;     author    = {Yukito Kishiro},
;;     isbn      = {978-1-61262-294-1},
;;     publisher = {Kodansha},
;;     title     = {Battle Angel Alita: The Last Order 4},
;;     year      = {2014 (2011)}
;;   }
;;
;; With/from Lisp, evaluate these:
;;
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "0-19-829576-6")     ; 6
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-1-61262-294-1") ; 1
;;
;;; Code:

(require 'cl-lib)

(defun isbn-digits-only-string (str)
  "Remove all non-digits and Xs from STR."
  (replace-regexp-in-string "[^[:digit:]X]" "" str) )
;; (isbn-digits-only-string "91-85668-01-X") ; 918566801X

(defun isbn-char-to-int (c)
  "Convert a char C into the integer it displays, e.g. 9 for ?9."
  (- c ?0) )

(defun isbn-string-to-integer-list (str)
  "Make an integer list from STR dropping all non-digits."
  (let*((digits-only (isbn-digits-only-string str))
        (chars       (string-to-list digits-only))
        (ints        (cl-map 'list
                       (lambda (c) (isbn-char-to-int c))
                       chars) ))
    ints) )

(defun isbn-convert-to-digit (digit)
  "If DIGIT is a number between 0 and 9, return it.
If DIGIT is a string containing a single number, return that.
If DIGIT is \"X\", return 10."
  (cond
   ((and (numberp digit)
         (<= 0 digit)
         (<=   digit 9) )        digit)
   ((string= digit "X")          10)
   ((and (string-match-p "[0-9]" digit)
         (= 1 (length digit)) )  (string-to-number digit) )
   (t                            (error "Incorrect digit, %s" digit)) ))
;; (isbn-convert-to-digit    0 ) ;  0
;; (isbn-convert-to-digit    1 ) ;  1
;; (isbn-convert-to-digit   "9") ;  9
;; (isbn-convert-to-digit   "X") ; 10
;; (isbn-convert-to-digit "100") ; Incorrect digit, 100
;; (isbn-convert-to-digit   "e") ; Incorrect digit, e

(defun isbn-verify (isbn)
  "Verify ISBN."
  (let*((digits-str      (isbn-digits-only-string isbn))
        (num-digits      (length digits-str))
        (type            (pcase num-digits
                           ((or  9 10) 10)
                           ((or 12 13) 13)
                           (_ (error "An ISBN has 10 or 13 digits")) ))
        (last-digit-str  (substring digits-str -1))
        (last-digit-int  (isbn-convert-to-digit last-digit-str) )
        (check-digit     (if (= type 10)
                             (isbn-checksum-10 digits-str)
                           (isbn-checksum-13 digits-str) ))
        (check-digit-int (isbn-convert-to-digit check-digit))
        (pass            (= last-digit-int check-digit-int)) )
      (if (or (= num-digits  9)
              (= num-digits 12) )
          check-digit
        (if pass
            (message "[ISBN-%s OK] %s" type check-digit)
          (error (format
                  "Incorrect ISBN-%s, correct check digit is %s" type
                  check-digit) )))))
;; (isbn-verify "978-1-59307-864")   ; 5
;; (isbn-verify "978-1-59307-864-5") ; [ISBN-13 OK] 5

(defun isbn-verify-at-point ()
  "Compute and display the check digit for the ISBN at point."
  (interactive)
  (let((isbn-string (thing-at-point 'symbol t)))
    (isbn-verify isbn-string) ))
(defalias 'viap #'isbn-verify-at-point)

(defun isbn-checksum-13 (isbn)
  "Compute the check digit for an ISBN-13.

Because the last digit, digit number 13, is the check digit,
actually only 12 digits, in the form of a string, is required.
If only 12 digits are provided the correct check digit
is computed.

Hyphens/dashes can be included or omitted.

For ISBN-10, see `isbn-checksum-10'.

For interactive use, do \\[isbn-verify-at-point]
for `isbn-verify-at-point'."
  (let*((isbn-ints (isbn-string-to-integer-list isbn))
        (sum       0))
    (cl-loop for e in isbn-ints
             for i from 0 to 11
             do (cl-incf sum (* e (or (and (zerop (mod i 2)) 1) 3))) )
    (let ((checksum (- 10 (mod sum 10))))
      (if (= 10 checksum)
          0
        checksum) )))

(defun isbn-checksum-10 (isbn)
  "Compute the check digit for an ISBN-10.

Because the last digit, digit number 10, is the check digit,
actually only 9 digits, in the form of a string, is required.

If only 9 digits is provided the correct check digit
is computed.

Hyphens/dashes can be included or omitted.

If the check digit is computed to 10 return \"X\" as is the
ISBN-10 standard.

For ISBN-13, see `isbn-checksum-13'.

For interactive use, do \\[isbn-verify-at-point]
for `isbn-verify-at-point'."
  (let*((isbn-ints (isbn-string-to-integer-list isbn))
        (sum       0) )
    (cl-loop for e in isbn-ints
             for i downfrom 10 to 2
             do (cl-incf sum (* e i)) )
    (let ((checksum (mod (- 11 (mod sum 11)) 11)))
      (if (= 10 checksum)
          "X"
        checksum) )))

;; check for errors:
;;
;;  (isbn-verify "0-201-53992-5")      ; Incorrect ISBN-10, correct check digit is 6
;;  (isbn-verify "91-518-4657-7")      ; Incorrect ISBN-10, correct check digit is 8
;;  (isbn-verify "1-4012-0622-X")      ; Incorrect ISBN-10, correct check digit is 0
;;  (isbn-verify "91-85668-01-9")      ; Incorrect ISBN-10, correct check digit is X
;;  (isbn-verify "978-0-470-56157-0")  ; Incorrect ISBN-13, correct check digit is 7
;;  (isbn-verify "978-91-87861-9")     ; An ISBN has 10 or 13 digits
;;  (isbn-verify "1-4012-062")         ; An ISBN has 10 or 13 digits
;;
;; 10 ISBN-10 tests:
;;
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "0-201-53992-6") ; 6
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "0312168144"   ) ; 4
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "1-4012-0622-0") ; 0
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "1616558717"   ) ; 7
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "91 7054 940 0") ; 0
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "91-510-6483-9") ; 9
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "91-7089-710-7") ; 7
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "91-85668-01-X") ; X
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "91-88930-23-8") ; 8
;;  (isbn-checksum-10 "9177988515"   ) ; 5
;;
;; 13 ISBN-13 tests:
;;
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978 91 29 59023 4") ; 4
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-0-470-56157-7") ; 7
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-1-63236-616-0") ; 0
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-0-012814-2") ; 2
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-7037-681-8") ; 8
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-7515-205-9") ; 9
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-7515-317-9") ; 9
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-86936-31-0") ; 0
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-87861-54-3") ; 3
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-87861-67-3") ; 3
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "978-91-87861-99-4") ; 4
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "9780062802187"    ) ; 7
;;  (isbn-checksum-13 "9789188805034"    ) ; 4

(provide 'isbn-verify)
;;; isbn-verify.el ends here