1. Introduction §

In this text I will explain how to filter TCP connections by operating system using OpenBSD Packet filter.

OpenBSD pf.conf man page about OS Fingerprinting

2. Explanations §

Every operating system has its own way to construct some SYN packets, this is called Fingerprinting because it permits to identify which OS sent which packet. This must be clear it's not a perfect filter and may be easily get bypassed if you want to.

Because if some packets required to identify the operating system, only TCP connections can be filtered by OS. The OS list and SYN values can be found in the file /etc/pf.os.

3. How to setup §

The keyword "os $value" must be used within the "from $address" keyword. I use it to restrict the ssh connection to my server only to OpenBSD systems (in addition to key authentication).

# only allow OpenBSD hosts to connect
pass in on egress inet proto tcp from any os OpenBSD to (egress) port 22

# allow connections from $home IP whatever the OS is
pass in on egress inet proto tcp from $home to (egress) port 22

This can be a very good way to stop unwanted traffic spamming logs but should be used with cautiousness because you may incidentally block legitimate traffic.